Tecnologias sociais em saneamento: metodologia de análise e avaliação da participação comunitária em projetos

Abstract

Community participation in decision-making processes about essential services, such as health, sanitation, education and others, influence the preservation of nature and its resources. However, considering that conventional basic sanitation services do not reach everyone equally, social technologies are shown as an alternative capable of leading the excluded population, the hope of enjoying the right to live in a healthy environment. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze the characteristics of community and/or social participation in social technology experiences described in the Brazilian technical literature from 2010 to 2020, based on implementation experiences described and available in the technical literature. In order to achieve this objective, the present work presents, as a methodological approach, a qualitative and exploratory research, having the following steps, namely: creation of a list of key words; search by scope; content classification of secondary sources; interpretation and identification of information from secondary sources; proposal of a shade of evaluation of community participation in social technology in sanitation and elaboration of a heat map. The results found were divided into 3 (three) parts for better understanding and discussion of the evaluative matrix. In the first part, general data on the 15 bibliographies surveyed were presented, such as, year of publication, geographic location of the community served, main difficulties encountered in the community related to sanitation, which cultural group the community identifies with and the funding bodies and entities that participated from the project. The second and third parts, respectively, refer to the intensity and sustainability of community participation in social technology projects aimed at basic sanitation. In the end, it was possible to verify that only 2 projects reached 100% of the levels of intensity and objectives, demonstrating that there are still social technology projects that do not have methodologies that guarantee community participation.